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本帖最后由 izhineng 于 2018-1-10 03:51 編輯
基于51單片機(jī)的歩進(jìn)電機(jī)控制,可控制正反轉(zhuǎn),暫停,有l(wèi)ed燈顯示,仿真原理圖如下(proteus仿真工程文件可到本帖附件中下載)
單片機(jī)源程序如下:
- //四個(gè)按鍵控制步進(jìn)電機(jī):正轉(zhuǎn),反轉(zhuǎn),加1,減1
- //上電時(shí)電機(jī)啟動(dòng),加減檔位,電機(jī)采用單雙八拍方式
- //電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速一共10檔,通過按鍵調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速
- #include<reg51.h>
- #define uchar unsigned char
- #define uint unsigned int
- sbit s1 = P1^0;
- sbit s2 = P1^1;
- sbit s3 = P3^0;
- sbit s4 = P3^1;
- sbit s5 = P3^2;//按鍵定義,s1正轉(zhuǎn),s2反轉(zhuǎn),s3加1,s4減1
- sbit a = P2^7;sbit b = P2^6;sbit c = P2^5;sbit d = P2^4;//脈沖信號(hào)輸入端定義
- uchar code time_counter[10][2]={{0xda,0x1c},{0xde,0xe4},{0xe1,0xec},{0xe5,0xd4},{0xe9,0xbc}, //9.7 ----1ms
- {0xed,0xa4},{0xf1,0x8c},{0xf5,0x74},{0xf9,0x5c},{0xfc,0x18}};
- uchar num1 = 0;//控制取勵(lì)磁信號(hào)變量
- uchar num2 = 8;
- char k=0;//加減檔位控制,1為最小檔
- char pause=1;//暫停時(shí)保存之前的轉(zhuǎn)速,開機(jī)默認(rèn)1
- bit flag1 = 0;//初始正轉(zhuǎn),正反轉(zhuǎn)標(biāo)志
- //================================定時(shí)器0/1初始化函數(shù)================================
- void T0_T1_init()
- {
- TMOD = 0x11;//定時(shí)器0/1均工作于方式1,16位計(jì)時(shí)方式
- TH1 = time_counter[k-1][0];
- TL1 = time_counter[k-1][1];//定時(shí)器1,定時(shí)10ms用于步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制
- TR1 = 0;
- ET1= 1;//開定時(shí)器中斷
- EA = 1;//開總中斷
- }
- //================================ms級(jí)延時(shí)函數(shù)=======================================
- void delay1m(uint x)
- {
- uint i,j;
- for(i=0;i<x;i++) //連數(shù)x次,約 x ms
- for(j=0;j<120;j++); //數(shù)120 次,約1 ms
- }
- //================================主函數(shù)=============================================
- void main()
- {
- T0_T1_init();
- a=b=c=d=0;
- while(1)
- {
- if(s1 == 0)
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s1 == 0)
- {
- flag1 = 0;//正轉(zhuǎn)
- }
- while(!s1);
- }
- if(s2 == 0 )
- {
-
- delay1m(3);
- if(s2 == 0)
- {
- flag1 = 1;//反轉(zhuǎn)
- }
- while(!s2);
- }
- if(s3 == 0) //速度加1檔
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s3 == 0)
- {
- k++;
- TR1=1;
- if(k > 10 )
- {
- k = 1;
- }
- }
- while(!s3);
- }
- if(s4 == 0) //速度減1檔
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s4 == 0)
- {
- k--;
- TR1=1;
- if(k <= 0)
- {
- k = 10;
- }
- }
- while(!s4);
- }
- if(s5==0)
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s5==0)
- {
- if(TR1==1)
- {
- pause=k;
- k=0;
- TR1=0;
- a=b=c=d=0;
- }
- else if(TR1==0)
- {
- k=pause;
- TR1=1;
- }
- while(!s5);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- //==================================定時(shí)器1中斷函數(shù),用于脈沖頻率控制=====================================
- void time1_interrupt()interrupt 3
- {
- static num1 = 0;
- static num2 = 0;
- TH1 = time_counter[k-1][0];
- TL1 = time_counter[k-1][1];//定時(shí)器1,定時(shí)1 用于步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制
- if(flag1 == 0)//正轉(zhuǎn)
- {
- switch(num1)
- {
- case 0:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 1:a = 1;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 2:a = 0;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 3:a = 0;b = 1;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 4:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 5:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 1;break;
- case 6:a = 0;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 7:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- }
- num1++;
- if(num1 == 8)num1 = 0;
- }
- else //反轉(zhuǎn)
- {
- switch(num2)
- {
- case 0:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 1:a = 0;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 2:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 1;break;
- case 3:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 4:a = 0;b = 1;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 5:a = 0;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 6:a = 1;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 7:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- }
- num2++;
- if(num2 == 8)num2 = 0;
- }
- }
復(fù)制代碼
本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段(途徑):
首先要確定步進(jìn)電機(jī),系統(tǒng)是單片機(jī)控制,整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的電壓是5v,所以電機(jī)的電壓也要選擇5v可以驅(qū)動(dòng)的,所以本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇28BYJ-48步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象,步進(jìn)電機(jī)28BYJ48型四相八拍電機(jī),電壓為DC5V—DC12V。當(dāng)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)施加一系列連續(xù)不斷的控制脈沖時(shí),它可以連續(xù)不斷地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。每一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的某一相或兩相繞組的通電狀態(tài)改變一次,也就對(duì)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)過一定的角度(一個(gè)步距角)。當(dāng)通電狀態(tài)的改變完成一個(gè)循環(huán)時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)過一個(gè)齒距。
由于單片機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)能力有限,不能直接用于步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)本設(shè)計(jì)采用ULN2003A芯片驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)。ULN2003是高耐壓、大電流達(dá)林頓陳列,由七個(gè)硅NPN達(dá)林頓管組成。 該電路的特點(diǎn)如下: ULN2003的每一對(duì)達(dá)林頓都串聯(lián)一個(gè)2.7K的基極電阻,在5V的工作電壓下它能與TTL和CMOS電路 直接相連,可以直接處理原先需要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)邏輯緩沖器來處理的數(shù)據(jù)。
開始設(shè)計(jì)前先上網(wǎng)和圖書館查閱相關(guān)資料,確定各個(gè)單元電路,畫出原理圖和仿真圖進(jìn)行仿真編程,通過后,采購(gòu)原件,制作實(shí)物,燒寫程序,進(jìn)行電路的調(diào)試。
全部資料51hei下載地址:
http://m.raoushi.com/bbs/dpj-103963-1.html
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